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Network Working P. Barker and S.E. Hardcastle-Kille Group University College London INTERNET-DRAFT September 1992 DSA Metrics (OSI-DS 34 (v2)) Status of this Memo This document defines a set of criteria by which a DSA implementation may be judged. Particular issues covered include conformance to standards; performance; demonstrated interoperability. The intention is that the replies to the questions posed provide a fairly full description of a DSA. Some of the questions will yield answers which are purely descriptive; others, however, are intended to elicit answers which give some measure of the utility of the DSA. The marks awarded for a DSA in each particular area should give a good indication of the DSA's capabilities, and its suitability for particular uses. Please send comments to the authors or to the discussion group <osi-ds@CS.UCL.AC.UK>. This document is an Internet Draft. Internet Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its Areas, and its Working Groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet Drafts. Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months. Internet Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as a "working draft" or "work in progress." Please check the I-D abstract listing contained in each Internet Draft directory to learn the current status of this or any other Internet Draft. INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 Contents 1 Overview 2 2 General Information 3 3 Conformance to OSI Standards 4 3.1 Directory protocols................................ 4 3.2 Implementors' agreements and profiles ............ 5 3.3 Protocol stacks.................................... 6 3.4 Schema ............................................ 6 3.5 DIT structure .................................... 7 4 Conformance to Research Community Standards 7 5 Performance 7 5.1 Environment used for benchmarking ................ 9 5.2 Speed for various operations ..................... 9 5.2.1 Bind ........................................ 9 5.2.2 List ........................................ 10 5.2.3 Search ..................................... 10 5.2.4 Read ........................................ 11 5.2.5 Add entry.................................... 11 5.2.6 Modify entry ................................ 12 5.2.7 Modify RDN ................................. 12 5.2.8 Query rate ................................. 12 5.3 The results........................................ 13 6 Miscellaneous characteristics 13 7 Support for replication 14 8 Support for access control 15 9 Support for schema management 16 Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 1 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 10 Management tools 16 10.1 Dynamic system management ........................ 16 10.2 Static system management ......................... 16 10.3 Data management.................................... 17 11 Operational Use 17 12 Interoperability 17 1 Overview The purpose of this document is to define some metrics by which DSA products can be measured. Such metrics are valuable as whilst an X.500 DSA must conform to the specification in the standard - this is a sine qua non - protocol conformance is not in itself the hallmark of a usable implementation. A DSA must perform operations within a reasonable time; a DSA must offer good throughput of queries; a DSA must be able to handle a reasonable volume of data; if modification operations are provided, some sort of access control must be provided; a DSA and its data must be manageable. In many respects, it is almost impossible to say that one DSA is better than other from looking at the responses to question in this document. For some, the cost and level of support will be the key criterion. For another user, the flexibility of the schema management facilities, or the feasibility of running the DSA over an existing relational database, will be of prime importance. In many respects DSAs will just be different, rather than better or worse. However, all other things being equal, the look-up speed of a DSA is very obviously measurable, and there is a substantial number of question on the speed of the various X.500 operations, and in particular on the look-up operations. Throughout this document, some of the questions posed are annotated with a square-bracketed points score and an explanation as to how the points should be allocated. For example, a question might be appended with ``[2 if yes]'', indicating score 2 points for an affirmative answer to that question. These points scores should be collated in Table 1 at the end of the document. The questions on DSA performance are judged to be important enough to have a separate table for those results: they appear in Table 2. Together, these tables constitute a measure of the DSA. The metrics are on a section by section basis, Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 2 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 which should help the reader who is seeking, for example, a DSA with fast look-up capabilities and extensive access control facilities, to focus on the critical aspects of a DSA for their particular requirement. 2 General Information This section contains general information about the implementation under discussion. 1. Name of the implementation ...................................... 2. Version number of the DSA described in this document ............ 3. Are there plans to continue development of this implementation? [3 if yes] ...................................................... 4. Name and address of supplier or person to contact ............... .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... 5. Describe the hardware and software platforms supported by the DSA [up to 4 points may be awarded for this question] (a) Hardware (If appropriate, can summarise as, for example ``generic UNIX platform'') .................................. (b) O/S (state version if critical) i. UNIX) (be sure to indicate which flavour - e.g. SYSV [1], BSD [1], SUNOS, etc) .................................... ii. VMS) [1] ................................................ iii. MS-DOS [1] .............................................. iv. Macintosh [1] ........................................... Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 3 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 v. Other) [1] .............................................. 6. Name any other software required to run the system which is not supplied with the operating system or with the DSA software itself. Examples might include a database package, or communications software ......................................... 7. Is the software free? If the DSA needs other packages, are these also freely available? [3 if completely free] .................. .................................................................... 3 Conformance to OSI Standards 3.1 Directory protocols 8. Does the DSA implement DAP? [2] ................................. 9. Does the DSA implement DSP? [2] ................................. 10. Does the implementation meet the conformance clauses in section 9.2 of X.519? [1 for yes] Statement requirements (a)............................................................... (b)............................................................... (c)............................................................... (d)............................................................... (e)............................................................... (f)............................................................... Static requirements [1 for yes] (a)............................................................... (b)............................................................... (c)............................................................... Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 4 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 (d)............................................................... (e)............................................................... (f)............................................................... Dynamic requirements [1 for yes] (a)............................................................... (b)............................................................... (c)............................................................... (d)............................................................... (e)............................................................... 11. Please list all conformance testing work applied to the implementation .................................................. .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... 3.2 Implementors' agreements and profiles Does the DSA conform to the following implementors' agreements? If so, state which version numbers. 12. EWOS? [1] ....................................................... 13. OIW? [1] ........................................................ Does the DSA conform to the following profiles? If so, state which version numbers. 14. UK GOSIP? [1] ................................................... 15. US GOSIP? [1] ................................................... Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 5 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 State any other GOSIP profiles to which the DSA conforms ............ ..................................................................... 3.3 Protocol stacks For the next two questions, [2 per stack supported for up to 4 stacks] 16. Which of the following transport and network layer protocols does the DSA support: (a) TP.x over CONS (state transport class) ...................... (b) TP.4 over CLNS .............................................. 17. Does the DSA support other transport and ``network'' layer protocols? (a) TP.x over RFC1006 over TCP/IP (state transport class) ....... (b) TP.x over X.25(1980) (state transport class) ................ (c) State any other options supported. ......................... ................................................................ 18. Does the DSA also run over any lightweight stack? If so, describe it with reference to the OSI seven layer model [3] .............. .................................................................... 3.4 Schema 19. Does the DSA support the full schema in X.520 and X.521, with respect to the following? State any omissions. (a) All object classes [1] ...................................... (b) All attribute types [1] ..................................... (c) All attribute syntaxes [1] .................................. Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 6 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 3.5 DIT structure 20. A suggested DIT structure, detailing an object class hierarchy, is presented in X.521. Does the DSA: (a) Enforce this hierarchy? .................................... (b) Allow the enforcement of this hierarchy? ................... 4 Conformance to Research Community Standards The COSINE and Internet Directory Pilots have agreed a set of extensions to the standard, which make for a more cohesive pilot. This section is about conformance to these extensions. 21. Does the DSA fully support RFC1274, ``The COSINE and Internet X.500 Schema''? [2] ............................................ If not, please supply a list of all those object classes and attribute types in RFC1274 which are supported on a separate sheet. 22. Does the DSA support RFC1276, ``Replication and Distributed Operations extensions to provide an Internet Directory using X.500''? [2] ................................................... .................................................................... 23. If the DSA uses RFC1006 at the network layer, does the DSA conform to RFC1277, ``Encoding Network Addresses to support operation over non-OSI lower layers'' [3] ...................................... 24. If the DSA uses X.25(1980) at the network layer, does the DSA conform to RFC1277, ``Encoding Network Addresses to support operation over non-OSI lower layers'' [3] ....................... 5 Performance This section should give an outline to the expected performance of the DSA. A number of operations are timed in order to give a feel for the DSA's speed and throughput. Note that all operations should be resolvable within a single DSA. Chaining and referral are not assessed, although it should be possible to infer, albeit Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 7 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 approximately, the speed of distributed operations. i. The tests should be made against an organisational database of 20000 entries. Some tests are against subsets of this data, and so the database should be set up according to the following instructions. Create an organisational DSA with 20000 entries below the organisation node. Sub-divide this data into a number of organisational units, one of which should contain 1000 entries, another of which should contain 100 entries, and a third which should contain just 10 entries. The entries, which should differ, should be created with the following attributes: (a) Common Name (b) Surname (c) Telephone number (d) Postal Address (of 100 characters) (e) Object class ii. In all the tests, two timings should be taken. In order to normalise the test results as much as possible, it is suggested that these tests be undertaken on an otherwise lightly loaded machine. (a) A typical ``cold start'' reading should be given. In this case the system will not have the advantage of any benefits that derive from operating system paging, or caching. (b) A best possible figure should be given, which indicates the upper limit of DSA performance. iii. The timings should relate to the default set-up. If significant performance gains can be made by use of configuration options, such as building extra indexes to support searches, measures of the improved performance may also be given. Attention should be also drawn to any optimisations, heuristic or otherwise, which are not evidenced in the following tests. Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 8 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 5.1 Environment used for benchmarking The results will be directly correlated to the test set-up used, and in particular, the hardware. Please answer the following questions to describe the test environment: (a) Processor (make and model) .................................. (b) Processor speed (MIPS) ...................................... (c) Primary memory available .................................... (d) O/S version ................................................. (e) Network type and bandwidth (e.g. 10 Mbit Ethernet) ......... (f) Protocols in transport layer and below (e.g. TP 0, RFC1006, TCP/IP) ..................................................... (g) How/where timings obtained? o C procedural interface .................................. o DUA shell (e.g. Quipu's DISH) .......................... Please note that the tests should be made using a DUA and DSA with full 7-layer stacks, rather than some lightweight protocol. 5.2 Speed for various operations The tests are described, one subsection per operation. The results should be entered in Table 2 which follows the test descriptions. 5.2.1 Bind The time it takes for a DUA to bind to the Directory. This time should include all the initialisation time a DUA process needs before it can query the Directory: e.g. reading of tailor files, schema information, etc. Give the bind time for each of the following levels of authentication. State ``n/a'' if the implementation does not support a particular Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 9 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 level of authentication. 25. Anonymous 26. Simple 27. Simple protected 28. Strong 5.2.2 List Give the time for listing a set of organisational unit sibling entries. 29. 10 entries 30. 100 entries 31. 1000 entries 5.2.3 Search In this section, two sets of search operations should be performed on the DSA. i. A single level search of 100 entries within an organisational unit. ii. An organisation subtree search, on the subtree of 20000 entries. The following searches should be tried. Unless otherwise stated, the ``XXX'' or ``YYY'' part of the search filter should be chosen in such a way as to return a single result. Unless stated otherwise the results should return all attributes for the entry. 32. Exact match for a surname: surname=XXX Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 10 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 33. Leading substring match for a common name: commonName=XXX* 34. Any substring match for a common name: commonName=*XXX* 35. Trailing substring match for a common name: commonName=*XXX 36. Approximate match for a common name: commonName"=XXX 37. More complex filter, searching by object class and two other attribute types: objectClass=person AND (commonName=XXX* OR telephoneNumber=*YYY) 38. Search returning all entries (i.e. 100 entries in the single level search, and all 20000 entries in the subtree search: objectClass=* In this case, no attribute values should be returned in the result set. 5.2.4 Read 39. A single read operation, returning all attributes. 5.2.5 Add entry 40. Add an entry beneath an entry which has: (a) 0 children (b) 10 children (c) 100 children Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 11 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 (d) 1000 children 5.2.6 Modify entry Modify an attribute value, other than an RDN value, for an entry which has 1. 10 siblings 2. 100 siblings 3. 1000 siblings 41. Modify an entry (a) Add description attribute (b) Remove description attribute 5.2.7 Modify RDN Modify an RDN value for an entry with the following number of siblings. 42. Modify RDN (a) 10 siblings (b) 100 siblings (c) 1000 siblings 5.2.8 Query rate As the time taken for a single read will usually be negligible, the following search and set of reads should give a clearer indication of the query rate. 43. A single level search of the DIT, to return 100 entries for persons, and then a read of each entry, returning just the surname Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 12 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 attribute for each entry. 5.3 The results The results of the tests just described should be entered in Table 2, at the end of the document. 6 Miscellaneous characteristics 44. Does the DSA use its own database, or can it be used in conjunction with a general-purpose database package such as Oracle? [1 for own, 1 for ability to map onto general purpose databases, 1 if any such mappings have been made] ............... .................................................................... 45. If the DSA runs as a static server, state the start-up time for a DSA with a database of 20000 entries. If this varies widely according to configuration options, give figures for the various options. ....................................................... .................................................................... 46. What is the maximum number of simultaneous associations that the DSA may have open? [1 if more than associations] ............... 47. Maximum database size, in entries, megabytes, or as appropriate. If none, state what the constraints are. [1 if a database of more than 100,000 entries is feasible] ............................... 48. What use does the DSA make of indexing [2 if yes] ? (a) Can the database be fully inverted? [1] .................... If not, state for which attributes: i. indexes are automatically built ii. indexes may be built 49. What is the run-time size of an entry as specified in the previous section on performance? (This should be the marginal size of an entry and thus should include the overhead of indexes, etc.) ... Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 13 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 50. What is the on-disk database size of an entry as specified in the previous section on performance? ............................... 51. What sort of approximate match algorithm does the DSA use? Describe it briefly ............................................. .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... 52. Does the DSA attempt to use relay DSAs (which have access to more than one network) in order to achieve connectivity with DSAs which are not on the same network? [2] ............................... 7 Support for replication 53. Does the DSA support the replication mechanisms as described in the 1992 standard [2]? .................................................................... 54. Does the DSA support any other replication mechanisms? ......... (a) RFC1276 [2] ................................................. (b) Other (please give a reference to any description of the mechanisms, and indicate whether these mechanisms are used by any other implementations) [1 for any mechanism] ............ ................................................................ ................................................................ ................................................................ 55. If the DSA supports replication, does it support: (a) Replication of a single entry? [2] ......................... (b) Replication of a set of sibling entries? [2] ............... (c) Replication of a subtree? [2] .............................. Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 14 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 8 Support for access control 56. Does the DSA support access control as described in the 1992 standard [3]? .................................................. 57. Does the DSA have any access control mechanisms at all? [2] .... 58. If yes, does the access control scheme support the following: (a) Allow a user to maintain their own entry? [1] .............. (b) Allow a user to maintain some attributes in their own entry, but not all attributes? [1] ................................ (c) Give management rights to a DSA manager in a fashion analogous to the privileges given to a UNIX super-user? [1] .......... (d) Give management rights to a data manager on a per subtree basis? [1] ................................................. (e) Give management rights (to an entry, group of entries, subtree, etc) to a group of users? [1] ..................... (f) Give access rights to users on the basis of the leading portion of their Distinguished Name? [1] ................... 59. If there are features of the access control mechanisms which are not brought out by the above questions, please describe these additional features [up to 2 for wonderful additional features!] .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... 60. Does the DSA support the extended access control techniques described in ``An Access Control approach for Searching and Listing'' by Hardcastle-Kille and Howes, in the Internet Draft, OSI-DS 21. [2] .................................................................... Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 15 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 9 Support for schema management 61. Does the DSA implement the schema management defined in the 1992 standard? [2] .................................................. 62. If not, is the schema stored in the Directory? [2] ............. 63. Can a DSA manager extend the schema and add new (a) Attribute types with existing syntaxes? With compilation [1], or without compilation [2] .................................. (b) Attribute sets? With compilation [1], or without compilation [2] ......................................................... ................................................................ (c) Object classes? With compilation [1], or without compilation [2] ......................................................... ................................................................ (d) Attribute syntaxes? With compilation [1], or without compilation [2] ............................................. 64. Is it possible to add in or modify DIT structure rules, with compilation [1], without compilation [2] ........................ 10 Management tools 10.1 Dynamic system management 65. Are there tools for monitoring DSA activity? [1] ............... 66. Are there tools for controlling a run-time DSA? [2] ............. 10.2 Static system management 67. If knowledge is stored within the DIT, are there tools for knowledge management? [1] ...................................... 68. Are there tools for checking that attributes with Distinguished Name syntax contain values of entries in the DIT (i.e. they do Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 16 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 not contain ``dangling pointers'')? [1] ........................ 10.3 Data management 69. If the DSA doesn't use a general-purpose database package, what data management tools are available? ........................... .................................................................... 11 Operational Use The DSA may have lots of wonderful features -- on paper! But has the DSA been shown to work in practice? The following measures are intended to give some measure of confidence that the DSA's viability has been demonstrated. 70. How many entries in the largest DSA in use in operational use? : 71. What is the largest set of DSAs supporting an organisation? .... 72. What is the estimated number of organisations using this implementation for service use? [8 if more than 100 organisations, 5 if more than 50 organisations, 3 if more than 20 organisations, 2 if more than 5 organisations, 1 if more than 1 organisation] ................................................... 73. Is this DSA used commercially with an installed base of more than 10 customers? [2] .............................................. 12 Interoperability The X.500 Directory is the OSI Directory. OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnection -- DSAs have to be able to inter-operate. They also have to be seen to interoperate. 74. Is this DSA in use in X.500 pilots? ............................ (a) Is this DSA in use anywhere in the COSINE/Internet Pilot? [3] ................................................................ Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 17 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 (b) Is this DSA in use in any other major pilot? [2] ........... 75. Name any other systems which you believe the system to interoperate with. (It is not sufficient to say ``any system which supports the conformance clauses ...)'' .................. 76. Name any systems which have been publicly demonstrated to interwork with the DSA [1 per implementation, up to maximum of 5] .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... .................................................................... Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 18 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 _______________________________________________ |____________Section__________||____Points_____ | |_No._|Description_____________|Maximum_|Scored_|_ | | | | | |___2_|General_Information_____|__10___|:_...__| | | | | | |___3_|Conformance_to_OSI______|__25___|:_...__| | |Conformance to Research | | | |___4_|Community_standards_____|__10___|:_...__| | | | see | | |___5_|Performance_____________|table_2_|....__| | | | | | |___6_|Miscellaneous___________|__10___|:_...__| | | | | | |___7_|Replication_____________|__10___|:_...__| | | | | | |___8_|Access_control__________|__15___|:_...__| | | | | | |___9_|Schema_Management_______|__12___|:_...__| | | | | | |__10_|Management_tools________|__5____|:_...__| | | | | | |__11_|Operational_use_________|__10___|:_...__| | | | | | |__12_|Interoperability________|__10___|:_...__| Table 1: DSA Metrics Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 19 INTERNET--DRAFT DSA Metrics September 1992 ______________________________________________________ |Operation || Cold DSA || Optimum | |__________________||_______________||___Performance__|_ |Bind || || | | --Anonymous || ..............|| ............. | | --Simple || ..............|| ............. | | --Simple Prot || ..............|| ............. | |___--Strong_______||_..._...._..._:||_..._...._....__| |List || || | | -- 10 entries || ..............|| ............. | | -- 100 entries || ..............|| ............. | |___--_1000_entries||_..._...._..._:||_..._...._....__| |Search |single |subtree |single |subtree | | _|level_|________|_level_|________| | | | | | | | -- exact |..... | ...... | ..... | ...... | | -- leading sub |..... | ...... | ..... | ...... | | -- any sub |..... | ...... | ..... | ...... | | -- trailing sub |..... | ...... | ..... | ...... | | -- approx |..... | ...... | ..... | ...... | | -- complex |..... | ...... | ..... | ...... | |___--_return_all___|..._:_|_...._:_|_..._:_|_...._:_|_ | || || | |Read______________||_..._...._..._:||_..._...._....__| |Add || || | | 0 siblings || ..............|| ............. | | 10 siblings || ..............|| ............. | | 100 siblings || ..............|| ............. | |____1000_siblings_||_..._...._..._:||_..._...._....__| | || || | |Modify || || | | 10 siblings || ..............|| ............. | | 100 siblings || ..............|| ............. | |____1000_siblings_||_..._...._..._:||_..._...._....__| | || || | |Modify RDN || || | | 10 siblings || ..............|| ............. | | 100 siblings || ..............|| ............. | |____1000_siblings_||_..._...._..._:||_..._...._....__| | || || | |Query_rate________||_..._...._..._:||_..._...._....__| Table 2: Speed of operations Barker and Hardcastle-Kille Expires 23 March 1993 Page 20